Thursday, May 2, 2013
Modern Man's Self-Strangulation: Max Weber's Iron Cage of Bureaucracy
By Tom Kando
In his seminal “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism,” Max Weber spoke of the “iron cage” in which rationalization and bureaucracy increasingly trap (Western) man.
Do we not all feel Weber’s Iron Cage of Bureaucracy, increasingly strangling us, destroying common sense and humanity? Here are some examples:
1. I play in a community band. We give free concerts - in churches, in city parks, etc. So yesterday I go to my exercise fitness center with a flyer about our next concert, and I ask them to post the flyer on one of the club’s bulletin boards. Their response: “No sir, we don’t do that here.” I explain that I’m not selling anything, that our band’s performances are free, etc. The answer remains the same: “No sir, our regulations forbid this.”
2. Our doctor’s secretary Michelle calls us at home. The purpose of her call is to remind my wife Anita that she has a routine appointment tomorrow. I pick up the phone. My wife Anita isn’t home. I ask Michelle what it’s in regard to. She refuses to answer my question. She won’t give me the message to remind my wife that she has an appointment tomorrow. Privacy law prohibits her to do so, she says. She asks Anita to call her back. This will require 2 or 3 more phone calls, telephone tag, being put on hold, etc. before Anita finds out what Michelle’s call was about (a useless call to begin with, since Anita was perfectly aware of her appointment tomorrow anyway).
3. A couple of years ago, I broke my arm. It required surgery, antibiotics, etc. A few months later, I had my biannual dental check and cleaning. My dentist informed me that from now on, I will need to take prophylactic antibiotics prior to every biannual dental check and cleaning, for the rest of my life, because of that broken arm surgery two years ago.
4. This one has been on the books for many years: For years, at the University, we had been posting our students’ grades on our office doors or electronically. Convenient both for the students and for the faculty, right? But for the past several years, student privacy laws forbid instructors from doing this any longer, even if only posting the last 4 digits of students’ social security numbers.
5. Some school districts have banned playing tag, arguing that it harms children’s self-esteem.
6. All sorts of July 4th firecrackers are now banned, even though many are fun and present little hazard.
7. All sorts of playground facilities, jungle gyms and concrete surfaces are illegal, even though many are fun and present little hazard.
8. In Most of the Sacramento metropolitan region, Saturday night cruising has been outlawed, even though it was a fun, harmless and quintessentially American tradition.
9. Of course, most jurisdictions have curfews for teenagers, which is unnecessary and oppressive.
10. Or take helmet requirements: Although many of them are reasonable, there is a tendency to overreach. I’m not sure that skiers should be required to wear helmets. What’s next? Pedestrians too?
11. Then there are all the new politically correct rules pertaining to gender: For example, the law forbids prospective employers to ask (female) job applicants their marital status. Besides being discriminatory against men, the law should not exist for either gender. Oh sure, the intent is to combat potential discrimination against women. But discrimination against whom? married women? single women? Married women might have children and quit their job, but single women might be perceived as less reliable. The law is a crock.
12. And remember the recent flap about President Obama calling California Attorney general Kamala Harris good looking? He had to apologize for that. Since when is a compliment an insult?
13. And don’t even get me started on all the useless and counterproductive requirements imposed by Homeland Security - starting with the utterly useless requirement to take off your shoes when going through security.
There are about 30,000 new laws and ordinances passed in the U.S. every year, Big Brother and the Nanny State are legislating everything. This is driven by three things: Politicians’ need to play popularity games with the electorate, the litigation explosion and society’s inability to accept any risk whatsoever. If a new law saves ONE life - but inconveniences one hundred million people - the law is adopted. That's what legislatures do - they make new laws. But how does it work, in the long run? Can even lawyers know most of the laws? Shouldn't an equal number of laws be repealed? Aren't we going to be asphyxiated by our laws? leave comment here
12 comments:
It’s a little late now, Tom, to be crying about bureaucracy (and it’s going to get worse with Obamacare) because you have been supporting a bigger role for government all along, so it’s your and your like’s own fault. The examples you’re provided are for the most part inescapable because of government bureaucracy regulations, not private enterprise bureaucracy. The one private enterprise example of the gym can be avoided by joining a different gym…and even then, eventually private enterprise bureaucracies die because they are replaced by more innovative capitalistic enterprises. The only solution is to starve the beast and vote conservative!
Thanks, anonymous. It’s great to know that I’m not just preaching to the choir. You must like Agon - the Greek God of contest. But it’s not necessary to polarize every issue. Not everything breaks down along party lines - Left vs. Right, the evil public sector vs. the efficient private sector, Obama vs. free enterprise, and so forth.
Let me remind you that Weber actually attributed bureaucracy’s features - prime among them, rationalization - to Capitalism.
You and I can continue to go back and forth accusing or defending the public or the private sector. But what is more interesting is this: Weber’s early view of bureaucracy was positive: it was synonymous with rationalization, efficiency, universal criteria, meritocracy, etc. Then, Parsons, Gouldner and other “functionalists” showed that bureaucracies could be very dysfunctional.
The problem is generic and inherent in ALL bureaucracies.
Some years ago, I was in charge of program reviews at the University, including our Continuing Education program, which offered joint programs with a very large Silicon Valley electronics corporation. I was supposed to visit their headquarters and interview some of their people. The first time I contacted them, I failed to identify myself according to the exact rules, and a receptionist threatened to have me arrested. I swear to God, I hadn’t done anything untoward. This was just one more example of appalling bureaucratic behavior.
Trust me, the irrationality of bureaucracy exists on both sides of the aisle - left and right, public and private, government and corporation. This is evident whenever dealing with a bank, an airline, an insurance company and any other such entity.
But hey, I value your input!
Well, Tom you did a great job at exposing all of this nonsense with laws. They are choking us to death. It is absurd. I was upset last week because after updating my faculty badge the administrator took my old badge out of my hand and shredded it through the shredder right in front of my face after I pleaded with her to let me keep it. I explained that I had worn my favorite outfit when I took that particular picture 4 years ago and that I cant find it in the stores anymore and the outfit was ruined via washing it in the machine. Thus, I wanted to keep the outfit for this simple purpose. She sneered at me and looked so unconcerned and unamused by my gentle and humble request to her. I simply wanted to hold on to the picture. I was upset. I said, "Could you have at least allowed me to cut my picture out of the badge?" She explained that she could not let me borrow the scissors since it could be unsafe. I felt like I was in the Twilight Zone. When did our society get so stupid. I wanted to let her know how stupid this thinking was and then I thought, " A black woman in Birmingham, Alabama could get a bad rap for this especially if she summoned the police. I was paranoid. I though to myself, "was I pressing/begging her for scissors." Thats just how crazy our world is that you have to live in an "Iron Cage" of Hell because you cant do what any sane person in my situation would really want to do, "GO THE HELL OFF"
Thanks for keep us sane Tom,
Gail Wallace :)
Tom-
Weber was significantly over-rated as an analyst. I think your characterization that Weber started from an analysis of Capitalism is unfounded. Weber argued that Bureaucracy was power through knowledge. His primary emphasis was on an administrative system which was primarily governmental.
As pointed out above - most of the perils you cite (except for your health club which is a private organization and thus under the Freedom of Association have the right to deny any type of advertising) are a result of the very policies you have supported in this blog.
A recent Facebook picture was posted of a coffee cup that said in fine print "if this was America & not Canada there would be a warning here telling you coffee is hot"
Hi! Although I don't think all of the things you mentioned belong on the list, I do agree with several and with your overall opinion. However, you left out a major category: technology! Many of our issues are actually controlled by the computer that the secretary, the manager, the whoever is placing these "rules" must abide by or they will now be able to do their job! I think the problem is bigger than you treat here. I will await another day! Thank you anyway!
Tom, you are right. This problem is with all bureaucracies and not one of the political parties. Through the bureaucratic rationalization of the nation state, many things could be administered for large populations that made modern government more efficient. On the other hand, we developed a religious-like faith in the power of bureaucracies to save us--especially in secular states. It turns out that we are very poor at setting up bureaucracies that work efficiently for very long. Human nature is such that bureaucratic employees want their jobs and budgets more than they want to serve the public. This leads to bureaucratic overhead and an "iron cage." Our bureaucracies tend to follow the model of GM in the 1950s. They are very inefficient, and we don't know how to turn them off when their mission is done, or to halt their growth and expansion. Universities also suffer from these obsolete top-down bureaucratic structures that strangle rather than serve.
We are cognizant of your blog posting of today, May 4, 2013, but are sorry to inform you that we are not at liberty to express an opinion on its subject, content or presentation, due to regulations governing the expression of private opinion.
Thank you all for the many comments, especially the light-hearted stuff. Gail’s story is priceless; Bram’s and Roy’s witticisms are funny. Anonymous makes a good point about the role of technology.
It’s too bad that some of you (Jonathan, anonymous 1) insist on politicizing this topic, even though not everything in life breaks down along party lines - Left vs. Right, the evil public sector vs. the efficient private sector, etc. Gordon understands that. His example of General Motors in the 1950s is apt.
Jonathan first dismisses Weber as being over-rated, but then he embraces Weber by arguing that Weber was analyzing governmental bureaucracies. Actually, Weber associated bureaucratic rationality with the marketplace and capitalism.
But you shouldn’t get huffy about Weber anyway, since he CELEBRATED both bureaucracy and capitalism, linking both of them to RATIONALIZATION, which he viewed as a good thing (see his "Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft," or for a good secondary source, Don Martindale’s "The Nature and Types of Sociological Theory").
One should not be a zealot, and make every single topic one more platform to criticize government, Obama, etc. (as anonymous 1 does). Was the 2011 Fukushima tsunami also Obama’s fault, maybe?
This post was not meant to generate a debate about government, or the Obama health plan, or Socialism. My point is simple: Bureaucracies suck, period. You can’t give Wall street, big banks, monopolies, universities (private OR public) a pass. No one has a corner on bureaucratic inefficiency - not the government, not Wall Street, no one.
Tom, many of the issues you raise have to do with the federal judges rendering decisions in areas not intended by our Framers, and essentially making law, which is the province of the legislature. A return to states rights in these areas would allow the liberals to live in Big Brother states, and for limited government types to live in states which grant greater freedoms for the individual. Thus, individual communities would dictate policy regarding fireworks, safe playgrounds, helmet laws, and sports in schools. I disagree with you regarding curfews. Curfew laws are seldom endorced as evidenced by the high youth crime rate late at night. Kid needs to be at home and under parental supervision. Communities would be much safer. Unfortunately, unlike the 50's and 60's when cruising was popular, today kids got guns, thus restrictions are necessary simply because we have not been tough on youthful offenders using firearms, so the politicians take the easy way out and restrict everyones freedoms.
Hey Tom ........ I just want to mention that I thoroughly enjoy your blog site. It is so thought provoking and informative. You and Madeleine seem to have teams of research personnel finding pertinent facts. But more impressive is the way you and her use the facts to provide a professionally prepared "position".
I have tried to respond several times in the past but can't seem to figure out the correct procedure. So let me just reply to you that the blog is terrific. Thanks to you and Madeleine for giving it to us.
Thanks, anonymous and Tom B.
It's gratifying to receive comments such as these.
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